Rapid modeling of buildings with calibrated normative models

High-order models of building performance are the preferred tool, but their complexity and time requirements can cause difficulties when attempting to create large sets of models or when used by non-experts. Reduced-order models require fewer inputs and are simpler, but typically sacrifice accuracy for speed. This paper describes a methodology and case study for the calibration of reduced-order models using limited sets of high-order models which significantly increases the accuracy of the reduced-order model while maintaining efficiency, focusing on the examination of energy conservation measures (ECMs) applied to large portfolios of buildings.